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How to Build a Wood Fence

A wood fence is one of the most satisfying weekend projects, and it lives or dies on the posts. Get them deep, plumb, and set in concrete and the rails and pickets go up fast. Work through the steps below — each has a calculator so you order the right amount — and tap “Add to my materials list” as you go.

DifficultyIntermediate
TimeA weekend or two
Cost$$ (varies by length & material)
PermitsOften required
Build one shopping list as you go. Tap “Add to my materials list” on each calculator below and they combine into a single Wood Fence list you can download or print.
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1Lay out the line and call 811

Mark the fence line with stakes and string, confirm the property line and any setback, and call 811. Plan posts at 6–8 ft on center — never more than your rail length — and tighten the spacing in windy or corner spots.

2Dig and set the posts

Dig each hole to 1⁄3 of the total post length and below your frost line (a 6-ft fence uses an 8-ft post set ~2 ft deep), with the hole about 3× the post width. Add 6” of crushed stone for drainage, plumb the post, fill with concrete (about one 60-lb bag per line post; 2–3 for end, corner, and gate posts), and crown the concrete above grade so water sheds off.

Fence post depth and footing Above ground≈ ⅔ of post In the ground≈ ⅓ of post Crown concrete to shed water Frost line Gravel at base for drainage
Setting a fence post — bury about ⅓ of the post, go below the frost line, add gravel at the base for drainage, and crown the concrete above grade so water runs off.
Concrete bags
21 bags
Posts
1010" holes, 24" deep
Concrete per hole
0.92 cu fthole minus the post
60-lb bags
21 bagsor 16 × 80-lb bags
Cost (est.)
$116~$5.50/60-lb bag

3Run the rails and pickets

Use one rail per ~24” of height (a 6-ft fence gets 3 rails), keeping the bottom rail ~10” off the ground. Then hang the pickets — edge-to-edge for full privacy — held 1–1½” off the ground and fastened with two ring-shank nails or screws per rail. The calculator sizes posts, rails, and pickets for your fence.

Fence posts
14 posts
Fence sections
138' between posts
Posts
144×4×8 pressure-treated
Rails
393 per section
Pickets
2195.5"-wide boards
Post-hole concrete
28 bags~2 × 60-lb bags per post
Material cost (est.)
$1,174lumber + concrete, excl. gates & hardware

4Build and brace the gate

Frame the gate square, then run a diagonal brace in a “Z” from the bottom of the hinge side up to the top of the latch side so the gate’s weight loads the brace in compression — the single trick that keeps a gate from sagging.

5Stain or seal the wood

Let pressure-treated wood dry out, then apply a stain or sealer on a dry, mild day to protect against UV and water. The calculator sizes your stain and cleaner for the fence area.

Stain to buy
2 gal
Deck area
192 sq ft
Stain (2 coats)
1.5 gallonsbuy 2 gal
Coverage
250 sq ft / gallonper coat on bare decking
Stain cost (est.)
$70~$35/gal
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Frequently asked questions

How deep should a 6-ft fence post go?
About 24–36” — one-third of the post length plus ~6” of gravel, and always below your local frost line so the post can’t heave.
How far apart should fence posts be?
6–8 ft on center, and never more than the rail length. Tighten to 4–6 ft in windy or exposed locations.
How much concrete per fence post?
About one 60-lb bag (~0.5 cu ft) per line post, and 2–3 bags for end, corner, and gate posts that carry more load.
How many rails does a fence need?
One rail per ~24” of height, minimum two: a 6-ft fence uses 3 rails, an 8-ft fence uses 4.

Calculators in this project

Sources & references